The basic principle in Biblical law is an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth. The one who commits the crime must be given a loss equivalent to the damage he had caused:
But if there is any further injury, then you shall appoint as a penalty life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot, burn for burn, wound for wound, bruise for bruise. (Exodus 21:23-25 NASB)
Apparently, the Koran has the same principle:
We ordained therein for them: "Life for life, eye for eye, nose or nose, ear for ear, tooth for tooth, and wounds equal for equal." But if any one remits the retaliation by way of charity, it is an act of atonement for himself. And if any fail to judge by (the light of) what Allah hath revealed, they are (No better than) wrong-doers. (Surah 5:45 Yusuf Ali)
In the case of theft, this principle also applies in the Bible. If a thief steals, then he or she shall lose what was stolen with additional penalty to compensate the victim.
If a man steals an ox or a sheep and slaughters it or sells it, he shall pay five oxen for the ox and four sheep for the sheep. (Exodus 22:1 NASB)
In the Koran, the hands of the thief are cut off. The victim does not benefit, and the thief lose his or her hands and Allah is exalted.
As to the thief, Male or female, cut off his or her hands: a punishment by way of example, from Allah, for their crime: and Allah is Exalted in power. (Surah 5:38 Yusuf Ali)
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